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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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china.3
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1991-04-07
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Government
Long-form name: People's Republic of China; abbreviated PRC.
Type: Communist Party-led state.
Capital: Beijing.
Administrative divisions: 23 provinces (sheng, singular
and plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu, singular and
plural), and 3 municipalities** (shi, singular and plural);
Anhui, Beijing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou,
Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,
Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai,
Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**,
Xinjiang*, Xizang*, Yunnan, Zhejiang; note--China considers
Taiwan its 23rd province.
Independence: unification under the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty
221 BC, Qing (Ch'ing or Manchu) Dynasty replaced by the
Republic on 12 February 1912, People's Republic established
1 October 1949.
Constitution: 4 December 1982.
Legal system: a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely
criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January
1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing
efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative,
criminal, and commercial law.
National holiday: National Day, 1 October (1949).
Executive branch: president, vice president, premier, three
vice premiers, State Council, Central Military Commission
(de facto).
Legislative branch: unicameral National People's Congress
(Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui).
Judicial branch: Supreme People's Court.
Leaders:
Chief of State and Head of Government (de facto)--DENG Xiaoping
(since mid-1977);
Chief of State--President YANG Shangkun (since 8 April
1988); Vice President WANG Zhen (since 8 April 1988);
Head of Government--Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since
24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988); Vice Premier
YAO Yilin (since 2 July 1979); Vice Premier TIAN Jiyun (since
20 June 1983); Vice Premier WU Xueqian (since 12 April 1988).
Political parties and leaders: only party--Chinese Communist
Party (CCP), Jiang Zemin, general secretary of the Central
Committee.
Suffrage: universal at age 18.
Elections:
President--last held 8 April 1988 (next to be held March 1993);
Yang Shangkun was elected by the Seventh National People's
Congress;
National People's Congress--last held NA March 1988 (next
to be held March 1993); results--CCP is the only party;
seats--(2,970 total) CCP 2,970 (indirectly elected).
Communists: about 45,000,000 party members (1986).
Other political or pressure groups: such meaningful opposition
as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the
party and government organization, that vary by issue.
Member of: ADB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD,
IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, ITU, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador ZHU Qizhen; Chancery
at 2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
(202) 328-2500 through 2502; there are Chinese Consulates
General in Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco;
US--Ambassador James R. LILLEY; Embassy at Xiu Shui Bei
Jie 3, Beijing (mailing address is FPO San Francisco 96655);
telephone [86] (1) 532-3831; there are US Consulates General
in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Shenyang.
Flag: red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four
smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical
arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side
corner.